Employee Turnover: Diversity of Predictors, Consequences and Retention Variables in Different Continents

Abstract

This study aims to review the predictors, consequences and retention variables of turnover, providing a batch of alternative and suitable variables for future research and empirical, conceptual models categorized based on different continents. This is a narrative literature review conducted on the indexed and empirical papers with results published since 2023 to present about turnover. The research findings stated that several factors predict employee turnover; other variables reflect the turnover of each employee, team, organization, and economy, and certain variables also contribute to achieving retention strategies. This research contributes to the body of employee turnover knowledge across continents, enriches variables for policy and decision-makers, and provides a variety of variables to be examined in future research.