Artificial Intelligence in Accountancy: Skills Evolution, Ethical Challenges and Future Directions in Digital Economy

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence is transforming the accounting landscape at a rapid pace, gradually automating tasks that no longer require human intervention, thereby contributing to more accurate decision-making and prompting a shift in the skills necessary for practicing accountants. Using survey data collected from 289 accountants and auditors across the industry and public accounting sectors, this study explores the impact of AI adoption on accounting practices and skills. Descriptive statistics show that 72% of respondents use AI-enabled tools: artificial intelligence platforms, robotic process automation (RPA), and data analytics platforms, with the adoption ratio significantly higher among large businesses compared to SMEs. Correlation and regression analyses verify a strong positive association between AI adoption and skill transition (r =. 61, p <. 01; β =. 47, p <. 001), suggesting that more use of AI is directly related to higher requirements of technical skills (programming, data visualization) and soft skills (critical thinking, communication, ethical judgement). However, the results also reveal significant training deficiencies, especially regarding the ethical use of AI, which was covered by only 46% of respondents in formal governance or transparency frameworks. These findings underscore the importance of reskilling programs, ethical safeguards, and policy support, as well as the need to ensure that AI adoption contributes not only to efficiency but also to sustainable and responsible career development. The contribution of this research is that it offers a developing economy perspective on global discussions about the future of accounting, which can be of value to organizations, regulators, and professional bodies grappling with the digital transformation of the financial services industry.